A

Achilles Tendon Repair This is a surgical procedure that involves repairing a ruptured Achilles tendon by stitching the torn ends back together.

ACL Reconstruction This is a surgical procedure that involves replacing a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with a graft from another tendon or ligament.

Acute Compartment Syndrome A condition in which pressure within a muscle compartment increases to dangerous levels, leading to muscle and nerve damage.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) A serious lung condition that can occur in response to injury or inflammation, leading to difficulty breathing and low oxygen levels.

Amputation Surgical loss of limb or appendage which may be necessary in cases of severe trauma or disease that cannot be treated with other interventions.

Ankle Sprain A common injury that occurs when the ligaments in the ankle are stretched or torn.

Ankle Fusion This is a surgical procedure that involves fusing the bones of the ankle joint together to provide stability and relieve pain.

Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Fusion This is a surgical procedure that involves removing a damaged or herniated disc in the neck and fusing the adjacent vertebrae together to provide stability.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tear A tear in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which connects the thigh bone to the shin bone and provides stability to the knee joint.

Anterolisthesis An abnormal alignment of bones in the spine and usually affects the lower back. It occurs when an upper vertebra slips in front of the one below. It can lead to pain and other symptoms. Misaligned vertebrae can pinch the nerves, and this can have painful and debilitating consequences.

Arthrodesis A surgical procedure that involves fusing two or more bones together to provide stability and relieve pain.

Arthroplasty A surgical procedure that involves replacing a damaged joint with an artificial joint, typically made of metal and plastic.

Arthroscopy A minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows a surgeon to visualize, diagnose, and treat problems within a joint using a small camera and specialized instruments.

Articular Cartilage Injury Refers to damage or injury to the smooth, protective cartilage covering the ends of bones within a joint. Articular cartilage is a firm, flexible tissue that allows bones to glide smoothly over each other, reducing friction and facilitating joint movement.

Avulsion Fracture A type of fracture in which a small piece of bone is pulled away from the main bone due to a strong muscle pull or ligament tear.

B

Balloon Kyphoplasty A minimally invasive procedure used to treat vertebral compression fractures, where a balloon is inflated inside the damaged vertebrae to create space for bone cement.

Bankart Lesion A tear or detachment of the labrum in the shoulder joint.

Basal Skull Fracture A break in the bones at the base of the skull, e.g. Basioccipital bone or Basisphenoid bone.

Bennett’s Fracture A break in the base of the thumb near the wrist.

Biceps Tendon Rupture A tear or rupture of the biceps tendon in the shoulder or elbow.

Bimalleolar Fracture A fracture that involves both the medial and lateral malleoli of the ankle.

Bladder Rupture A tear or rupture in the bladder, often caused by trauma.

Blunt Force Trauma Refers to an injury caused by a blunt object or force. This type of trauma can result in a range of injuries, from bruises and contusions to fractures and organ damage.

Bone Grafting A surgical procedure that involves transplanting bone tissue to repair fractures or bone defects.

Boxer’s Fracture A break in the bones of the hand that connect the fingers to the wrist.

Brachial Plexus Injury Damage to the network of nerves that control the arm and hand.

Bracing A non-surgical treatment for orthopedic injuries that involves the use of a brace or support to stabilize and protect the affected area.

Brain Contusion A bruise on the brain caused by a traumatic injury.

Brain Hemorrhage Bleeding inside the brain that can be caused by trauma or other medical conditions.

Brain Injury Damage to the brain caused by trauma or other medical conditions.

Brain Stem Injury Damage to the brain stem, which controls basic bodily functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Broken Nose A fracture or break in the bones of the nose.

Broken Tooth A fracture or break in the tooth.

Bronchial Tear A tear in the bronchial tubes, often caused by trauma.

Bulging Disc A condition in which a spinal disc protrudes outward and puts pressure on the nerves.

Burns Injury or damage to the skin or underlying tissues caused by heat, electricity, chemicals, or radiation.

Burn Scar A scar that forms after a burn injury.

Bursectomy A surgical procedure to remove a bursa, which is a fluid-filled sac that helps reduce friction between bones, muscles, and tendons.

Bursitis Inflammation of the bursae, small fluid-filled sacs that cushion and lubricate joints.

Burst Fracture A fracture in which the bone breaks into multiple pieces.

C

Calcaneus Fracture A fracture of the heel bone.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome A condition where the median nerve in the wrist is compressed, causing numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand.

Cerebral Hemorrhage Bleeding in the brain

Cervical Disc Replacement A surgical procedure to remove a damaged or diseased cervical disc and replace it with an artificial disc to preserve motion in the neck.

Cervical Discectomy and Fusion A surgical procedure to remove a herniated or degenerated disc in the neck and fuse two vertebrae together to stabilize the spine.

Cervical Laminectomy A surgical procedure to remove a portion of the bony arch (lamina) of a vertebra in the neck to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.

Cervical Strain An injury to the neck muscles and ligaments, often caused by whiplash or sudden movements.

Chondral Fracture A fracture or injury to the cartilage in a joint.

Chondromalacia A softening or deterioration of the cartilage in a joint, often seen in the knee..

Chondroplasty A surgical procedure that smooths and reshapes damaged cartilage in a joint, typically performed as part of an arthroscopic procedure.

Clavicle Fracture A fracture of the collarbone.

Clavicle Fracture Fixation A surgical procedure used to treat fractures or dislocations. It involves manipulating the broken bones or dislocated joint back into their correct alignment without making an open incision (closed reduction) and then using internal fixation devices such as screws, plates, or rods to stabilize the bones and promote proper healing.

Closed Reduction with Internal Fixation A surgical procedure used to treat fractures or dislocations. It involves manipulating the broken bones or dislocated joint back into their correct alignment without making an open incision (closed reduction) and then using internal fixation devices such as screws, plates, or rods to stabilize the bones and promote proper healing.

Closed Reduction and Casting A non-surgical procedure to realign and immobilize a bone fracture by manipulating it into place and then placing a cast or splint on the affected limb.

Coccyx Fracture A fracture of the tailbone.

Complicated Fracture A fracture that has additional damage to nearby nerves, blood vessels, or organs.

Compression Fracture A type of fracture that occurs when a bone is compressed, often seen in the spine due to osteoporosis or trauma.

Concussion A brain injury that occurs when the brain is jolted or shaken within the skull.

Contusion A bruise or injury that occurs when the skin and underlying tissue are crushed or damaged.

Corpectomy A surgical procedure to remove a portion of the vertebral body, often performed to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves.

Cranial Fracture A fracture of the skull.

Cranial Nerve Injury An injury to one of the 12 cranial nerves that control functions such as vision, hearing, and movement of the face and tongue.

Cruciate Ligament Injury An injury to the anterior or posterior cruciate ligament in the knee.

Crush Injury An injury caused by extreme force or pressure, often seen in the limbs.

D

Debridement A surgical procedure to remove damaged tissue or foreign objects to promote healing.

Decompression A surgical procedure to relieve pressure on a nerve or other structure by removing bone or tissue that is compressing it.

Degenerative Disc Disease A condition in which the discs between the bones of the spine break down, causing pain and other symptoms.

Dental Avulsion A condition where a tooth is completely knocked out of the socket, often due to trauma or injury.

Diaphyseal Fracture A fracture that occurs in the long shaft of a bone.

Disc Replacement A surgical procedure to remove a damaged or diseased spinal disc and replace it with an artificial disc to maintain spine mobility and relieve pain.

Disc Herniation A condition where the intervertebral disk between two spinal vertebrae bulges or ruptures, putting pressure on the spinal nerves and causing pain and numbness.

Discectomy A surgical procedure to remove all or part of a herniated or ruptured disk in the spine.

Dislocation A condition where a bone is displaced from its normal position at a joint.

Displaced Fracture A type of bone fracture where the bone is broken and displaced from its normal position.

Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture A tear in the tendon that connects the biceps muscle to the elbow.

Distal Humerus Fracture A break in the lower end of the upper arm bone, near the elbow joint.

Distal Radius Fracture A break in the larger of the two bones in the forearm, near the wrist.

Distal Realignment Procedures Surgical procedures used to correct patellar instability by realigning the patella and the tendon that attaches it to the tibia.

Double Bundle ACL Reconstruction A surgical procedure to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee using two grafts.

Double Crush Syndrome A condition in which nerve compression occurs at two or more locations, leading to pain and other symptoms.

Drop Foot A condition in which the foot cannot be lifted properly due to nerve or muscle damage.

Dynamic Hip Screw A surgical procedure to treat a fractured hip by inserting a metal screw and plate to hold the bone in place while it heals.

E

Elbow Arthroscopy A minimally invasive surgical procedure that uses an arthroscope to diagnose and treat problems in the elbow joint, such as arthritis or torn ligaments.

Endoscopic Spinal Surgery A minimally invasive surgical technique that uses an endoscope to access and treat spinal conditions, such as herniated discs or spinal stenosis.

Epicondylitis Inflammation of the tendons that attach to the elbow.

Excision of Bone Spur A surgical procedure that involves removing a bony growth (spur) from a joint or bone.

Excision of Synovial Membrane A surgical procedure that involves removing the synovial membrane, a thin layer of tissue that lines the joints, typically used to treat synovitis or other inflammatory joint conditions.

Extensor Tendon Injuries A tear or rupture in the tendons that attach to the fingers and allow for extension of the wrist and fingers.

External Fixation A surgical technique that involves the use of pins and/or screws inserted through the skin and into the bone to stabilize fractures or correct bone deformities.

External Rotation Injury A type of shoulder injury where the humerus bone is forced out of its normal position due to external rotation of the arm.

F

Fasciotomy A surgical procedure to relieve pressure in a muscle compartment, which can occur after an injury or due to certain medical conditions.

Femoral Fracture A femoral fracture is a break in the femur bone, which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It typically occurs as a result of high-energy trauma, such as a car accident or a fall from a great height.

Fibula Fracture The fibula is the smaller of the two bones in the lower leg, and a fibula fracture is a break in this bone. It can occur as a result of direct trauma, such as a blow to the leg, or indirect trauma, such as a twisting injury.

Fixation A procedure that involves stabilizing broken bones or damaged joints using various methods, such as screws, plates, pins, or external fixators.

Foot and Ankle Arthroscopy A minimally invasive surgical procedure that uses a small camera and instruments to diagnose and treat various foot and ankle conditions, such as cartilage damage, joint instability, and plantar fasciitis.

Fracture A break or crack in a bone. Fractures can occur in any bone in the body and range in severity from small cracks to complete breaks where the bone is separated into two or more pieces.

Fracture Reduction A procedure to realign broken bones into their proper position, often done under anesthesia using manipulation, traction, or surgical tools.

Fracture Repair A procedure that involves surgically repairing broken bones, often done using pins, screws, plates, or bone grafts to hold the bones in place while they heal.

Frozen Shoulder Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition in which the shoulder joint becomes stiff and painful. It can occur as a result of injury, surgery, or prolonged immobilization of the shoulder joint.

Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder joint and help to stabilize it. A full-thickness rotator cuff tear is a complete tear of one or more of these tendons and can occur as a result of trauma, overuse, or degeneration.

Functional Electrical Stimulation A therapy that uses electrical impulses to stimulate muscles, often used in combination with physical therapy to help patients recover from injuries or conditions that have caused muscle weakness or paralysis.

Fusion A surgical procedure that involves fusing two or more bones together, often done to stabilize a joint and relieve pain in cases of severe arthritis, spinal disorders, or other orthopedic conditions.

G

Glenohumeral Arthroscopy A surgical procedure to relieve pressure in a muscle compartment, which can occur after an injury or due to certain medical conditions.

Glenoid Labrum Tear A femoral fracture is a break in the femur bone, which is the longest and strongest bone in the human body. It typically occurs as a result of high-energy trauma, such as a car accident or a fall from a great height.

Glenoid Labrum Repair The fibula is the smaller of the two bones in the lower leg, and a fibula fracture is a break in this bone. It can occur as a result of direct trauma, such as a blow to the leg, or indirect trauma, such as a twisting injury.

H

Hairline Fracture A small crack in the bone that may not show up on an X-ray but can cause pain and swelling.

Hamate Fracture A break in the hamate bone, which is located in the wrist and can cause pain and difficulty gripping objects.

Hand Tendon Repair A surgical procedure to repair damaged or ruptured tendons in the hand, commonly caused by injury or overuse.

Hemiarthroplasty A surgical procedure in which only one half of a joint is replaced, typically done for severe fractures or arthritis.

Herniated Disc Surgery A surgical procedure to remove a herniated or slipped disc in the spine that is causing nerve compression and pain.

Herniated Disc A condition where the soft tissue inside the spinal discs pushes out through a tear in the outer layer, causing pain and discomfort.

High Tibial Osteotomy A surgical procedure to realign the knee joint by cutting and reshaping the tibia (shinbone).

Hill-Sachs Lesion A defect in the bone at the top of the humerus that can occur after a dislocation of the shoulder joint.

Hip Arthroscopy A minimally invasive surgical procedure to diagnose and treat problems in the hip joint, such as torn labrum or hip impingement.

Hip Bursitis Inflammation of the bursae (small fluid-filled sacs) in the hip joint, which can cause pain and swelling.

Hip Fracture A break in the hip bone, which is most common in older adults and can be caused by falls, trauma or osteoporosis.

Hip Labral Repair A surgical procedure to repair a torn labrum in the hip joint.

Hip Replacement A surgical procedure in which a damaged hip joint is replaced with an artificial joint.

Humeral Condyle Fracture Repair A surgical procedure to repair a broken humeral condyle (the rounded end of the upper arm bone).

Humeral Fracture Repair A surgical procedure to repair a broken humerus (upper arm bone).

Humeral Fracture A break in the upper arm bone (humerus), which can cause pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the arm.

Humeral Head Fracture A break in the top of the upper arm bone (humerus) where it connects to the shoulder joint, often caused by trauma or falls.

Humeral Head Replacement A surgical procedure in which the damaged head of the humerus is replaced with an artificial joint.

Humeral Shaft Fracture Repair A surgical procedure to repair a broken humeral shaft (the long part of the upper arm bone).

Hyperextension Injury An injury that occurs when a joint is bent beyond its normal range of motion, causing damage to the ligaments and surrounding tissues.

Hypertrophy An increase in the size of a muscle or tissue, often caused by overuse or injury.

I

Impingement A condition where soft tissue gets pinched between bones, causing pain and discomfort.

Internal Derangement A broad term for various injuries to soft tissue or cartilage.

Intertrochanteric Fracture A fracture of the femur bone in the hip area.

Intra-Articular Injection A procedure in which medication is injected into a joint to reduce inflammation and pain.

Internal Fixation A surgical procedure that uses pins, screws, plates, or rods to hold broken bones in place while they heal.

Intramedullary Nailing A surgical procedure used to treat fractures of the long bones in which a metal rod is inserted into the hollow center of the bone to provide support.

Interbody Fusion A surgical procedure used to fuse two or more vertebrae together to stabilize the spine.

Iliotibial Band Release A surgical procedure that involves cutting the tight band of tissue that runs along the outside of the thigh to relieve pain and improve range of motion.

Interfragmentary Screw Fixation A surgical procedure that involves the placement of screws across the fracture site to stabilize and promote healing of the bone.

Implant Removal A surgical procedure to remove hardware such as screws, pins, or plates that were previously implanted to stabilize a bone.

J

Joint Dislocation The displacement of a bone from its joint.

Jones Fracture A fracture of the fifth metatarsal bone in the foot, near the base.

Jefferson Fracture A fracture of the first cervical vertebra, also known as the atlas bone.

Jaw Fracture A break in the jaw bone, usually caused by trauma to the face.

Joint Aspiration A procedure in which fluid is removed from a joint for analysis or to relieve pressure.

Joint Injection A procedure in which medication is injected into a joint to reduce inflammation and relieve pain.

Joint Replacement Surgery A surgical procedure in which a damaged joint is replaced with an artificial joint.

Joint Fusion Surgery A surgical procedure in which two or more bones in a joint are fused together to create a single bone, eliminating the joint. and improve range of motion.

Joint Preservation Surgery A surgical procedure that aims to preserve a damaged joint rather than replacing it with an artificial joint. healing of the bone.

Joint Revision Surgery A surgical procedure that involves replacing or repairing a previously replaced joint that has become damaged or worn out.

K

Keystone Fracture A fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone in the hand, which can be caused by a direct blow or fall.

Kirschner Wire Fixation A surgical procedure in which thin wires are used to stabilize broken bones or hold bone fragments together until they heal.

Knee Arthroscopy A minimally invasive surgical procedure that involves making small incisions in the knee to insert a tiny camera and other instruments to diagnose and treat knee problems.

Knee Ligament Reconstruction A surgical procedure to repair or reconstruct a torn or ruptured knee ligament, often using a graft from another part of the body or a donor.

Keystone Meniscectomy A surgical procedure to remove part or all of a damaged meniscus in the knee joint to relieve pain and improve function.

Knee Osteotomy A surgical procedure to remove or add a wedge of bone from the upper shinbone or thighbone to shift the weight-bearing forces away from the damaged part of the knee joint.

Knee Realignment A surgical procedure to correct misaligned or unstable kneecap or patella by repositioning the bone or adjusting the soft tissues around it.

Knee Replacement A surgical procedure to replace a damaged or worn out knee joint with an artificial one made of metal and plastic components.

Knee Sprain An injury to one or more of the ligaments in the knee joint, which can cause pain, swelling, and instability.

Kneecap Dislocation This is when the kneecap moves out of its normal position, causing pain, swelling, and instability in the knee joint.

Knuckle Fracture A fracture of one of the small bones in the hand that make up the knuckles, usually caused by a direct blow or impact.

Kubo Fracture A fracture of the fourth or fifth metacarpal bone in the hand, which can be caused by a direct blow or twisting motion.

Kyphoplasty A minimally invasive surgical procedure to treat compression fractures in the spine by injecting bone cement into the affected vertebrae to restore height and relieve pain.

Kyphosis A spinal deformity that causes the upper back to curve forward, leading to a hunchback appearance.

L

Labral Tear A tear in the labrum, which is the cartilage that lines and stabilizes the shoulder and hip joints.

Laminectomy A surgical procedure that involves removing a portion of the vertebral bone called the lamina to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and nerves.

Lateral Femoral Condyle Fracture A fracture of the bony projection on the outer side of the elbow joint.

Lateral Meniscus Tear A tear in the meniscus on the outer side of the knee joint.

Leg Fracture A break in one of the bones of the leg, such as the femur, tibia, or fibula.

Ligament Reconstruction A surgical procedure to replace or repair a damaged ligament.

Lisfranc Injury A fracture or dislocation of the bones in the midfoot, often caused by a twisting injury.

Lumbago Pain or discomfort in the lower back region.

Lumbar Disc Herniation A condition in which the gel-like material inside a spinal disc protrudes out and puts pressure on the surrounding nerves, causing pain and other symptoms.

Lumbar Fusion Lumbar fusion refers to a surgical procedure involving the fusion of two or more vertebrae in the lumbar spine. This medical intervention is typically employed to address conditions such as degenerative disc disease, spinal instability, or fractures in the lower back. Lumbar fusion aims to stabilize the affected segment of the spine by fusing the vertebrae, often using bone grafts or artificial materials.

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis A narrowing of the spinal canal in the lower back, which can put pressure on the spinal cord and nerves.

Lumbar Spondylosis A degenerative condition of the spine that affects the vertebrae in the lower back.

M

Manipulation Under Anesthesia (MUA) A procedure in which the joint is moved and manipulated while the patient is under anesthesia, often performed to improve joint mobility and relieve stiffness.

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Tear / Sprain A sprain or tear of the ligament on the inner side of the knee, often caused by a direct blow to the outer side of the knee or a twisting motion.

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Tear of the Elbow A tear in the ligament on the inner side of the elbow joint, often caused by a direct blow or excessive force.

Medial Epicondylitis An overuse injury causing pain and inflammation on the inner side of the elbow, typically from repetitive wrist and forearm movements.

Medial Malleolus Fracture A fracture of the bony prominence on the inner side of the ankle joint.

Medial Meniscus Tear A tear in the meniscus on the inner side of the knee joint.

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction A surgical procedure to reconstruct a torn or damaged MPFL, typically performed to treat recurrent patellar dislocations.

Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Tear A tear in the ligament that helps stabilize the patella (kneecap) and prevents it from dislocating.

Meniscectomy A surgical procedure to remove a portion or the entire meniscus (cartilage) in the knee joint, typically performed to treat a meniscus tear.

Meniscus Tear A tear in the meniscus, the cartilage in the knee joint that acts as a cushion between the thighbone and shinbone.

Metacarpal Fracture A fracture of one of the bones in the hand that connects the wrist to the fingers.

Metal-on-Metal Hip Replacement A type of hip replacement surgery in which both the ball and socket components of the hip joint are made of metal, typically used in younger, more active patients.

Metaphyseal Fracture A fracture that occurs at the junction between the shaft and the end of a long bone, commonly seen in children.

Metatarsal Fracture A fracture of one of the long bones in the foot, typically caused by trauma or repetitive stress.

Microdiscectomy A minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove a portion of a herniated or protruding disc in the spine, relieving pressure on the nerves.

Microfracture Surgery A minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove a portion of a herniated or protruding disc in the spine, relieving pressure on the nerves.

Midcarpal Arthroscopy A surgical procedure used to treat damaged cartilage in the joints by creating tiny fractures in the underlying bone, promoting the growth of new cartilage.

Midshaft Humerus Fracture A minimally invasive procedure that uses an arthroscope to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the small joints of the wrist (midcarpal joints).

Mini-Open Rotator Cuff Repair A surgical procedure to repair a torn rotator cuff tendon in the shoulder using a combination of arthroscopic and small incision techniques.

Monteggia Fracture A fracture of the ulna bone in the forearm along with a dislocation of the radial head at the elbow joint.

Mosaicplasty A procedure in which small plugs of healthy cartilage are harvested from a non-weight-bearing area of the joint and transplanted to fill in a damaged area, promoting cartilage growth.

Multiple Osteotomy A procedure in which multiple bone cuts (osteotomies) are made to realign and stabilize the bones, typically used to correct complex deformities or restore proper joint alignment.

Myofascial Pain Syndrome A condition characterized by the presence of trigger points in muscle tissue, causing localized pain and muscle tightness.

Myositis Ossificans The formation of bone within muscle tissue as a result of trauma, causing pain and restricted range of motion.

N

Nailing A surgical procedure in which a metal rod or nail is inserted into the bone to stabilize fractures, typically used in long bones such as the femur or tibia.

Nasal Fracture A fracture of the nose, commonly caused by trauma or impact to the face.

Neck Sprain An injury to the soft tissues, muscles, or ligaments in the neck, often caused by sudden force or excessive movement.

Needle Aspiration A procedure that uses a needle to remove fluid or tissue from a joint or cyst, often performed to relieve pain or obtain a sample for analysis.

Needle Decompression A procedure that involves inserting a needle into a body cavity or space, such as the chest or joint, to relieve pressure or remove fluid.

Nerve Avulsion A severe nerve injury in which the nerve is completely torn or detached from its origin, resulting in loss of function.

Nerve Block Injection A procedure that involves injecting a local anesthetic or medication near a specific nerve to provide

Nerve Conduction Study (NCS) A diagnostic procedure that measures the electrical conduction of nerves to assess nerve damage or dysfunction.

Nerve Entrapment Compression or entrapment of a nerve by surrounding structures, leading to pain, numbness, or tingling.

Nerve Grafting A surgical procedure in which a segment of a healthy nerve is harvested and used to repair or replace a damaged or severed nerve.

Nerve Impingement Compression or pinching of a nerve, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness in the affected area.

Nerve Laceration A cut or tear in a nerve, resulting in loss of sensation or function in the affected area.

Neurolysis A surgical procedure that involves the selective destruction or removal of nerve tissue, often performed to relieve pain or address nerve compression.

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) A therapeutic procedure that uses electrical currents to stimulate nerves and muscles, often used for rehabilitation or muscle strengthening.

Neuroplasty A surgical procedure to relieve pressure or repair damaged nerves, often performed to treat conditions such as carpal tunnel syndrome or nerve entrapment.

Neurostimulation A procedure that involves the use of implanted devices to deliver electrical impulses to nerves, often used for pain management or neurological disorders.

Nightstick Fracture A fracture of the ulna bone in the forearm, usually caused by a direct blow or impact.

Nondisplaced Fracture A fracture in which the bone cracks or breaks, but the fragments remain aligned and in their normal position.

Nonunion Fracture A fracture that fails to heal properly, resulting in a persistent break in the bone.

Nonunion Repair A surgical procedure to promote bone healing in cases where a fracture has failed to heal properly or form a union.

Nucleoplasty A minimally invasive procedure used to treat herniated discs by removing a small portion of the disc using radiofrequency energy.

Nutcracker Fracture A fracture of the scaphoid bone in the wrist, often caused by a direct blow or falling onto an outstretched hand.

O

Occipital Condyle Fracture A fracture in the bony structures at the base of the skull that connect the skull to the spine.

Olecranon Fracture A fracture of the olecranon, the bony prominence at the tip of the elbow, typically caused by a direct blow or falling onto an outstretched hand.

Open Debridement A surgical procedure that involves removing damaged or infected tissue, foreign objects, or debris from a wound or joint space to promote healing.

Open Fracture A fracture in which the broken bone pierces through the skin, increasing the risk of infection.

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) A surgical procedure that involves realigning fractured bones and securing them with internal fixation devices such as plates, screws, or rods.

Open Reduction A surgical procedure that involves manually repositioning fractured bones to restore their normal alignment and function.

Open Synovectomy A surgical procedure that involves removing inflamed or diseased synovial tissue from a joint, commonly performed in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Osteochondral Debridement A procedure that involves removing damaged or loose fragments of cartilage and bone from a joint, often performed to alleviate pain and improve joint function.

Osteochondral Defect A focal area of damaged cartilage and underlying bone within a joint, often caused by trauma or repetitive stress.

Osteochondritis Dissecans A condition in which a piece of cartilage and underlying bone within a joint becomes detached, causing pain, joint instability, and limited range of motion.

Osteomyelitis An infection of the bone, often caused by bacteria, resulting in inflammation, pain, and bone destruction.

Osteophyte Formation The development of bony outgrowths or spurs around the edges of joints, often seen in conditions like osteoarthritis.

Osteosynthesis The process of using fixation devices, such as screws, plates, or wires, to stabilize and align fractured bones during surgery or fracture management.

P

Partial Meniscectomy Surgical removal of a torn or damaged part of the meniscus, a C-shaped cartilage in the knee joint.

Patellar Fracture A fracture of the kneecap (patella), usually caused by direct trauma or a fall onto a bent knee.

Patellar Tendon Repair Surgical repair of a torn or ruptured patellar tendon using sutures or anchors to reattach it to the patella or tibia.

Patellar Tendonitis Inflammation of the patellar tendon, which connects the kneecap to the shinbone, causing knee pain and difficulty with activities such as jumping or running.

Patellofemoral Syndrome A condition characterized by pain around or behind the kneecap (patella), often due to imbalances or abnormalities in the tracking of the patella within the knee joint.

Pelvic Fracture A fracture of one or more bones in the pelvis, commonly resulting from high-energy trauma such as a car accident or fall from a significant height.

Percutaneous Achilles Tendon Repair Minimally invasive procedure where a ruptured Achilles tendon is repaired using small incisions and specialized instruments.

Percutaneous Discectomy Minimally invasive procedure to remove a herniated disc in the spine using an endoscope and specialized tools through small incisions.

Percutaneous Vertebroplasty Minimally invasive procedure where bone cement is injected into a fractured vertebra to stabilize it and relieve pain.

Peroneal Tendonitis Inflammation of the peroneal tendons, which run behind the outer ankle bone, leading to pain, swelling, and instability in the ankle.

Plantar Fasciitis Inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot, leading to heel pain and stiffness.

Plantar Plate Tear A tear in the plantar plate, a strong ligament that supports the joints in the ball of the foot, leading to pain, instability, and toe deformity.

Popliteal Cyst (Baker’s Cyst) A fluid-filled swelling that forms behind the knee joint, often associated with underlying knee conditions such as arthritis or meniscal tears.

Posterior Ankle Arthroscopy Minimally invasive procedure that uses a small camera and instruments inserted through small incisions at the back of the ankle joint to diagnose and treat various ankle conditions.

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Reconstruction Surgical reconstruction of a torn PCL using grafts to restore stability and function to the knee.

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Tear A tear in the PCL, one of the major ligaments in the knee that provides stability and prevents backward movement of the tibia.

Posterior Labral Tear A tear in the labrum, a ring of cartilage in the shoulder joint, specifically on the backside (posterior) of the joint.

Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF) Surgical procedure where the disc between two vertebrae in the lumbar spine is removed and replaced with a bone graft to promote fusion and stability.

Posterior Spinal Fusion Surgical procedure to fuse together two or more vertebrae in the posterior (back) part of the spine, often used to treat spinal instability or deformity.

Proximal Femoral Osteotomy Surgical procedure involving the cutting and repositioning of the proximal femur (thigh bone) to correct hip deformities or improve joint function.

Proximal Humeral Hemiarthroplasty Surgical procedure where the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) is replaced with a prosthetic component, typically used in cases of severe humeral fractures or degenerative joint disease.

Proximal Humerus Fracture A fracture of the upper arm bone (humerus) near the shoulder joint, often seen in falls or direct blows to the shoulder.

Proximal Humerus Internal Fixation Surgical fixation of a fractured proximal humerus (upper arm bone) using plates, screws, or other implants.

Proximal Radius Fracture A fracture of the radial bone in the forearm near the elbow joint, commonly seen in falls or direct trauma to the forearm.

Proximal Tibia Fracture A fracture of the upper part of the shinbone (tibia) near the knee joint, often occurring due to high-energy trauma or sports injuries.

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Quadriceps Tendon Repair Surgical procedure to repair a torn or ruptured quadriceps tendon, typically involving reattachment of the tendon to the patella or tibia.

Quadriceps Tendon Rupture A tear or rupture of the quadriceps tendon, which connects the quadriceps muscles in the front of the thigh to the patella (kneecap).

Quadrilateral Plate Fixation Surgical fixation of a fractured quadrilateral plate, a bony structure in the pelvis that helps stabilize the hip joint.

Quadrilateral Plate Fracture A fracture of the quadrilateral plate, a bony structure in the pelvis that helps stabilize the hip joint.

Quillot Fracture A fracture of the scaphoid bone in the wrist, specifically involving a specific portion called the quillot.

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Radial Collateral Ligament (RCL) Tear A tear or sprain of the ligament on the inside of the elbow that helps stabilize the joint.

Radial Head Dislocation Dislocation of the radial head from its normal position at the elbow joint, often resulting from trauma or a fall.

Radial Head Fracture A fracture of the radial head, which is the bony prominence at the top of the radius bone in the forearm.

Radial Head Replacement Surgical procedure to replace a damaged or fractured radial head in the elbow with an artificial implant.

Radial Nerve Decompression Surgical procedure to relieve compression or entrapment of the radial nerve, often performed in cases of radial tunnel syndrome.

Radial Nerve Injury Damage or compression of the radial nerve, leading to weakness, numbness, or tingling in the forearm, wrist, or hand.

Radial Styloid Fracture A fracture of the radial styloid process, which is a bony projection on the thumb side of the wrist.

Radial Tunnel Syndrome Compression or irritation of the radial nerve as it passes through the forearm, leading to pain, weakness, or numbness.

Radiculopathy Compression or irritation of a spinal nerve root, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness that radiates along the nerve pathway.

Realignment Osteotomy Surgical procedure to realign and reshape a bone, usually to correct deformities or improve joint function.

Reconstruction of the Acromioclavicular (AC) Joint Surgical procedure to reconstruct a damaged or separated AC joint in the shoulder, often using grafts or implants.

Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Surgical procedure to reconstruct a torn ACL in the knee using grafts, restoring stability and function to the knee joint.

Reduction of a Dislocation Procedure to manually realign a dislocated joint, often followed by immobilization or further treatment.

Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD) A complex condition characterized by chronic pain, swelling, and changes in the skin, usually affecting an extremity following injury or trauma.

Release of Plantar Fascia Surgical procedure to release tension or remove a portion of the plantar fascia, often performed to treat chronic plantar fasciitis.

Revision Joint Replacement Surgical procedure to replace a previously implanted joint prosthesis with a new one, often due to complications or failure of the original replacement.

Revision Surgery for Failed Fusion Surgical procedure performed to address complications or failure following a previous spinal fusion surgery.

Rib Fracture A break or crack in one or more ribs, often caused by trauma or a direct blow to the chest.

Rib Subluxation Partial dislocation of a rib, where the rib is partially displaced from its normal position, often resulting in localized pain and discomfort.

Rotator Cuff Repair Surgical procedure to repair a torn rotator cuff tendon in the shoulder, usually involving reattachment of the tendon to the bone.

Rotator Cuff Tear A tear or rupture of the tendons that make up the rotator cuff, which can result in shoulder pain, weakness, and limited range of motion.

Ruptured Achilles Tendon A complete tear or rupture of the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone, typically causing severe pain and difficulty walking.

Ruptured Disc A condition where the outer layer of an intervertebral disc in the spine tears, allowing the inner gel-like material to protrude and potentially compress nearby nerves.

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Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction Pain and dysfunction in the sacroiliac joint, which connects the sacrum (base of the spine) to the pelvis.

Sacroiliac Joint Fusion Surgical procedure to fuse the sacroiliac joint, which connects the sacrum and iliac bones, commonly performed to treat chronic pain or instability in the sacroiliac joint.

Scaphoid Fracture A fracture of the scaphoid bone in the wrist, typically caused by a fall onto an outstretched hand.

Screw Fixation Surgical procedure that involves the use of screws to stabilize fractured bones, commonly used in various orthopedic procedures such as fracture fixation or joint reconstruction.

Shoulder Arthroscopy Minimally invasive surgical procedure that uses a small camera and specialized instruments to diagnose and treat various shoulder conditions, such as rotator cuff tears or shoulder impingement.

Shoulder Impingement Compression or pinching of the tendons and bursa in the shoulder, often leading to pain and limited range of motion.

Shoulder Labrum Repair Surgical procedure to repair a torn labrum (cartilage) in the shoulder joint, often performed to treat shoulder instability or recurrent shoulder dislocations.

Shoulder Replacement Surgical procedure to replace a damaged or arthritic shoulder joint with an artificial joint (prosthesis), often done to restore function and reduce pain.

Shoulder Stabilization Surgical procedure to tighten and restore stability to a loose or dislocated shoulder joint, commonly performed in cases of recurrent shoulder dislocations or instability.

Slap Tear A tear of the labrum (cartilage ring) in the shoulder joint, commonly occurring at the top of the labrum where the biceps tendon attaches.

Slipped Disc (Herniated Disc) When a spinal disc protrudes or ruptures, pressing on nearby nerves and causing pain or numbness.

Spinal Decompression Surgical procedure to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves by removing or reducing structures that are compressing the spinal canal, often performed in cases of spinal stenosis or herniated discs.

Spinal Fusion Surgical procedure that involves joining two or more vertebrae together to stabilize the spine and alleviate pain caused by conditions like spinal instability, degenerative disc disease, or spinal fractures.

Spondylolisthesis Forward displacement of one vertebra over another, typically in the lower back, leading to back pain and nerve compression.

Steroid Injection Non-surgical procedure where corticosteroid medication is injected directly into a joint or surrounding tissue to reduce inflammation and relieve pain, commonly used for conditions like arthritis or tendonitis.

Stress Fracture Small cracks or fractures in the bone, often caused by repetitive stress or overuse.

Subacromial Decompression Surgical procedure to create more space for the rotator cuff tendons and alleviate impingement in the shoulder joint, commonly performed in cases of shoulder impingement syndrome.

Subluxation of the Patella Partial dislocation of the kneecap, where it moves out of its normal position within the knee joint.

Supination-External Rotation Ankle Fracture A fracture pattern where the ankle is rolled outward and the foot is rotated, resulting in a specific type of ankle fracture.

Suprapatellar Nailing Surgical procedure where an intramedullary nail is inserted through the kneecap (patella) into the femur to stabilize a fractured femur bone.

Supraspinatus Tendinitis Inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon in the shoulder, commonly associated with rotator cuff injuries.

Syndesmosis Fixation Surgical procedure to stabilize and fixate the syndesmosis joint between the tibia and fibula bones in the lower leg, typically performed in cases of high ankle sprains or ankle fractures.

Synovectomy Surgical removal of the inflamed synovial tissue lining a joint.

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Talonavicular Joint Dislocation Dislocation of the joint between the talus bone and the navicular bone in the foot, often resulting from high-impact trauma or twisting injuries.

Talus Fracture A fracture of the talus bone, which is located in the ankle joint, commonly caused by high-energy trauma such as falls or motor vehicle accidents.

Tendon Repair Surgical procedure to reattach or repair a torn or ruptured tendon, typically performed to restore normal function and stability to a joint.

Tendonitis Inflammation of a tendon, often resulting from overuse, repetitive motions, or sudden injury, leading to pain, swelling, and restricted movement.

Thoracic Spine Fracture A fracture of the vertebrae in the thoracic spine (mid-back), usually caused by high-energy trauma such as car accidents or falls from heights.

Tibial Plateau Fracture A fracture that occurs on the top surface of the tibia (shinbone), often resulting from high-energy trauma or direct impact to the knee.

Tibial Stress Fracture A small crack or incomplete break in the tibia caused by repetitive stress or overuse, commonly seen in athletes or individuals engaged in high-impact activities.

Torn Meniscus A tear in the rubbery, C-shaped cartilage (meniscus) in the knee, often caused by twisting or rotating the knee forcefully.

Total Hip Arthroplasty Surgical procedure to replace a damaged or arthritic hip joint with an artificial joint (prosthesis), aimed at relieving pain and improving function.

Total Knee Replacement Surgical procedure to replace a damaged or arthritic knee joint with an artificial joint (prosthesis), typically consisting of metal and plastic components.

Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Surgical procedure to replace a damaged or arthritic shoulder joint with an artificial joint (prosthesis), aimed at restoring range of motion and relieving pain in the shoulder.

Traction Orthopedic procedure that involves applying a pulling force to a body part, such as the spine or limb, to align fractures, reduce dislocations, or relieve pressure on nerves.

Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) Surgical procedure used to treat spinal instability or degenerative disc disease by removing damaged disc material and fusing adjacent vertebrae together.

Transverse Process Fracture A fracture that occurs in the bony projections (transverse processes) of the vertebrae, usually caused by direct impact or severe twisting of the spine.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a term used to describe damage to the brain caused by an external force or trauma. TBIs can result from various incidents, such as car accidents, falls, or sports injuries, where the head experiences a sudden impact or undergoes rapid acceleration and deceleration. These injuries can range from mild to severe and may lead to a variety of physical, cognitive, and emotional impairments.

Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) Tear A tear or injury to the cartilage and ligaments on the ulnar side of the wrist, often caused by a fall on an outstretched hand or repetitive wrist motions.

Trigger Point Injections Procedure in which a local anesthetic or medication is injected into trigger points, which are tight and painful knots in muscles, to alleviate pain and promote muscle relaxation.

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Ulnar Nerve Decompression Surgical procedure to relieve pressure or compression on the ulnar nerve, typically performed at the elbow or wrist, to alleviate symptoms of nerve entrapment or cubital tunnel syndrome.

Ulnar Nerve Entrapment Condition in which the ulnar nerve, which runs along the inner side of the elbow and down the forearm, becomes compressed or irritated, leading to symptoms like pain, tingling, and weakness in the hand.

Ulnar Shaft Fracture Fracture of the ulna bone, one of the two long bones in the forearm, usually caused by direct impact or excessive force.

Ultrasound-Guided Joint Injection Procedure in which medication, such as corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid, is injected into a joint using ultrasound guidance to help diagnose and treat conditions such as arthritis or joint inflammation.

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Valgus Knee Injury Injury to the knee resulting in a valgus deformity, where the leg deviates inward at the knee joint, often caused by a medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear or complex knee ligament injury.

Varus Knee Injury An injury where the knee joint deviates outward, causing the leg to bow inward. It is often caused by damage to the lateral (outer) structures of the knee, such as the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) or the lateral meniscus.

Vertebral Augmentation Minimally invasive procedure used to treat vertebral compression fractures by injecting bone cement into the fractured vertebra to stabilize it and reduce pain.

Vertebral Compression Fracture Fracture of one or more vertebrae in the spine, often caused by osteoporosis or trauma, resulting in back pain, loss of height, and potential spinal deformity.

Vertebral Corpectomy Surgical procedure in which a portion of the vertebral body, along with adjacent discs, is removed to decompress the spinal cord and nerves, often performed to treat spinal fractures or tumors.

Vertebral Fusion Surgical procedure to join two or more vertebrae together using bone grafts, implants, or bone cement, commonly performed to treat spinal instability, deformity, or herniated discs.

Volar Metacarpal Fracture Fracture of one of the metacarpal bones in the hand, specifically on the palm side (volar side), usually resulting from a direct impact or crushing injury, causing pain, swelling, and difficulty in hand function.

Volar Plate Avulsion Fracture Avulsion fracture where a small fragment of bone is pulled away along with the volar plate ligament, typically occurring at the base of the finger or thumb, often requiring surgical intervention.

Volar Wrist Arthroscopy Minimally invasive procedure that uses a small camera (arthroscope) inserted through small incisions on the volar side of the wrist to visualize and treat various conditions affecting the wrist joint.

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Whiplash Soft tissue injury to the neck caused by a sudden and forceful back-and-forth movement, commonly associated with car accidents, resulting in neck pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion.

Wrist Arthroscopy Minimally invasive procedure that uses a small camera (arthroscope) inserted through small incisions in the wrist to visualize and treat various conditions affecting the wrist joint, such as ligament tears, cartilage damage, or loose bodies.

Wrist Fracture Break in one or more of the bones in the wrist, often resulting from a fall on an outstretched hand or direct impact, causing pain, swelling, and difficulty in wrist movement.

Wrist Fusion Surgical procedure that involves permanently joining two or more bones in the wrist joint to reduce pain and improve stability, typically performed for severe arthritis, wrist instability, or failed previous treatments.

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Xiphoid Process Injury Injury to the xiphoid process, a small cartilaginous extension at the bottom of the sternum (breastbone), usually caused by direct trauma to the chest, leading to pain, tenderness, and potentially swelling in the area.

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Z

Zygomatic Fracture A fracture of the zygomatic bone, which forms the prominence of the cheek and the lateral wall of the eye socket. It can occur due to facial trauma, causing pain, swelling, and changes in facial appearance.